WASHINGTON — Winners in a bruising struggle with Republicans over homeland security funding and immigration, minority Democrats had unity on their side, along with a politician’s understandable fear of terrorist attacks and the Constitution’s separation of powers.

The Tea Party-aligned, bitter-end Republican losers had outrage, and in the House, an unbending unwillingness to compromise that some of their own rank and file judged counterproductive.

The result was a rout that some Republicans say — and Democrats no doubt hope — portends poorly for their party.